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+---
+title: "Git Server"
+date: 2020-07-01
+icon: "git.svg"
+tags: ["service"]
+short_desc: "Hosting your own basic git server."
+---
+
+Once you have your own VPS or other Internet-available server, you can
+start hosting your own git repositories. The goal of this tutorial is
+for you to go from
+
+```sh
+git clone github.com/...
+```
+
+to
+
+```sh
+git clone YourSiChDomainName.xyz/...
+```
+
+so you can cultivate your own homegrown, grass-fed code, rather than
+relying on a centralized proprietary service like GitHub.
+
+## Installing git
+
+You most likely already have it installed on your server, but if not,
+run:
+
+```sh
+apt install git
+```
+
+We don\'t need any additional software, `git` itself ships with
+everything needed to host a remote repository!
+
+## Creating a git user
+
+To prevent exploiting your system, services should usually be run under another
+user that can only affect the relevant parts of the server. Let's create a user
+for git.
+
+```sh
+useradd -m git -d /var/git -s /bin/bash
+```
+
+The `git` user's home directory will be `/var/git` and we also set the default
+user shell as bash instead of sh for ease when on the command line.
+
+### Become the git user and create the directory
+
+If you\'re logged in to your server as root and have `git` installed,
+you can become the `git` user by executing
+
+```sh
+su -l git
+```
+
+The `-l` option should put us in `git`'s home directory, but you can `cd
+/var/git` otherwise.
+
+### Create the repo
+
+Now you can create the bare repository with
+
+```sh
+git init --bare {{<hl>}}my-repo.git{{</hl>}}
+```
+
+By convention, bare repository names end with \".git\". (A bare repository is
+just one without the file index, (i.e. the familiar browseable file structure).)
+
+Repeat the above command for any other repositories you want to host.
+
+## Syncing local repositories with your server
+
+### Set up SSH login for the git user
+
+Git uses SSH to connect to a server, and we will definitely want to use an SSH
+key pair that we authorized. This is not only most secure, but also easiest
+since we don't need to put in our password whenever we pull or push.
+
+There is a brief article [on setting up SSH keys](/sshkeys). We need to do
+exactly that, but for the `git` user, instead of the default `root` user. Note
+that if you want to upload your SSH key directly to the git user as in that
+tutorial, remember to run `passwd git` to give the git user a password so you
+can log in.
+
+If you've already set up password-less SSH log-ins for root (and disabled SSH
+password authentication), you can run the following commands as root, which
+will copy over your authorized key to the git user as well.
+
+```sh
+mkdir /var/git/.ssh	# Create the required directory.
+cp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys /var/git/.ssh/	# Copy over the authorized key.
+chown git:git -R /var/git/.ssh	# Make the created directory and contents to be owned by the git user.
+
+```
+
+### Syncing a new repository with your server
+
+Now that we've set that up, we can push a repository we have on our computer to
+that newly created bare repo. First, on our local computer, we run a command like this:
+
+```sh
+git remote add origin git@{{<hl>}}example.org{{</hl>}}:{{<hl>}}my-repo.git{{</hl>}}
+```
+
+Note some of the things you will change:
+
+- `example.org`, obviously is a stand-in for your domain name.
+- `my-repo.git` is the name of the repository, but it is also the relative location of it. Since it is in the `git` user's home directory, we don't need anything else, but if you decide to put a git repository elsewhere---like in `/var/www/git/stuff.git`, you can provide that absolute file location instead.
+- `origin` is a unique name for your remote repository. Since "origin" is probably already used if you are using Github or another service, you'll want to change this to whatever you want. Could be `myserver` or `vps` or `own`, as long as it is unique.
+
+Once you run that command successfully to add a new remote repository, and also assuming you change `origin` to let's say the more unique `personal`, you can push your local git server as expected:
+
+```sh
+git push {{<hl>}}personal{{</hl>}} master
+```
+
+That's all a git server is! Very simple.
+
+If you want a minimalist front-end to a git server, follow our guide on [cgit](/cgit)!
+
+If you want a large and user-friendly Github-like site for your git projects, follow our guide on [Gitea](/gitea)!
+
+## Contribution
+
+- Martin Chrzanowski \-- [website](https://m-chrzan.xyz), [donate](https://m-chrzan.xyz/donate.html)
+- Edits and fixes by Luke.