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+---
+title: "Pleroma"
+date: 2021-07-01
+icon: 'pleroma.svg'
+tags: ['service','activity-pub']
+short_desc: 'A federated Twitter-like microblogging system.'
+---
+Hopefully by now you won\'t have to be sold on the invasive practices
+that social media companies conduct. Websites such as Facebook and
+Twitter aquire so much data on users that they often know more about you
+than you know about yourself. The simple solution to this is to not use
+social media. However, that just isn\'t an option for most people. So
+the next best thing is to setup a self-hosted and federalised social
+media site so that you have full control over your data. I\'ve
+previously made [a video showing all the steps in depth if you want to
+check it out.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7mVsLSsotU) If you run
+into any issues I suggest you look at the video.
+
+You\'ll need a server or VPS. Nearly any Operating system is supported
+but for this tutorial I\'m gonna presume you\'re using a Debian-based
+OS. You\'ll also need a domain name pointing to your server\'s IP
+address [which is explained in this tutorial.](/basic/dns)
+
+## Installation
+
+### Setting Up and Configuring
+
+First things first you\'ll need to make sure that you\'ve hardened you
+SSH so that password authentication is disabled and you\'ll also want to
+setup Fail2Ban. There\'s a great tutorial on how to do this [which can
+be read here.](/sshkeys)
+
+Next we\'ll install the required packages:
+
+```sh
+apt install -y curl unzip libncurses5 postgresql postgresql-contrib nginx certbot libmagic-dev
+```
+
+You can manually configure postgreSQL to suit your system better. [Check
+out the documentation
+here](https://docs-develop.pleroma.social/backend/configuration/postgresql/)
+and then run the below command:
+
+```sh
+systemctl restart postgresql
+```
+
+### Installing the Pleroma App
+
+#### First as the root user
+
+Pleroma is not in the Debian app repositories, so we will install it
+manually. First create the Pleroma user by running the below command:
+
+```sh
+useradd -m -s /bin/bash -d /opt/pleroma pleroma
+```
+
+Then, still as root, we will create the required directories and give
+the Pleroma user ownership of them.
+
+```sh
+mkdir -p /var/lib/pleroma/uploads
+chown -R pleroma /var/lib/pleroma
+mkdir -p /var/lib/pleroma/static
+chown -R pleroma /var/lib/pleroma
+mkdir -p /etc/pleroma
+chown -R pleroma /etc/pleroma
+```
+
+#### Now, as the new Pleroma user
+
+Now run `su -l pleroma` to login as the Pleroma user. Now use the `curl`
+command below to download the Pleroma software and unzip it.
+
+```sh
+curl 'https://git.pleroma.social/api/v4/projects/2/jobs/artifacts/stable/download?job=amd64' -o /tmp/pleroma.zip
+unzip /tmp/pleroma.zip -d /tmp/
+```
+
+Note that we are downloading the **amd64** version here. If you know you
+have a different CPU architecture, replace that with whatever your
+architecture is.
+
+```sh
+mv /tmp/release/* /opt/pleroma
+rmdir /tmp/release
+rm /tmp/pleroma.zip
+./bin/pleroma_ctl instance gen --output /etc/pleroma/config.exs --output-psql /tmp/setup_db.psql
+```
+
+We need to briefly return to the root user so we can run the following
+command (via the postgres user) to set up the database. Type <kbd>ctrl-d</kbd> or
+run `exit` to return to the root user, then run:
+
+```sh
+su postgres -s $SHELL -lc "psql -f /tmp/setup_db.psql"
+```
+
+Then return to the pleroma user with `su -l pleroma` and we will test to
+see that Pleroma can run:
+
+```sh
+./bin/pleroma_ctl migrate
+./bin/pleroma daemon
+```
+
+That will initialize Pleroma. It might take as long as a minute to get
+started, so wait a bit, then run the following:
+
+```sh
+curl http://localhost:4000/api/v1/instance
+```
+
+If everything is working, this command will give you a long line of
+messy output. If it is not, you will get a connection error message.
+Once it is working successfully, stop the Pleroma daemon and we will
+interface Pleroma with the web server.
+
+```sh
+./bin/pleroma stop
+```
+
+### Setup and Configure Nginx
+
+Return again to the root user. Let\'s copy Pleroma\'s Nginx
+configuration file from the template given in the installation and
+enable it:
+
+```sh
+cp /opt/pleroma/installation/pleroma.nginx /etc/nginx/sites-available/pleroma.conf
+ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/pleroma.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/pleroma.conf
+```
+
+Edit the `etc/nginx/sites-available/pleroma.conf` file and replace
+**example.tld** with your domain name.
+
+We now have to get a SSL certificate to enable encryption, since we have
+a model configuration that already includes SSL information, just check
+the brief [the standalone certificate page](/standalone) to get the
+needed certificate. Once you\'ve got your cert setup, copy over the
+Nginx configuration with the below command:
+
+Once everything, including your Cerbot certificate is ready, simply
+reload Nginx with this command:
+
+```sh
+systemctl reload nginx
+```
+
+### Setting up the service
+
+Pleroma itself runs on a SystemD service similar to other things running
+on your server like Nginx. To start the service up run the below
+commands:
+
+```sh
+cp /opt/pleroma/installation/pleroma.service /etc/systemd/system/pleroma.service
+systemctl start pleroma
+systemctl enable pleroma
+```
+
+If everything worked then when you go to your domain in the web browser
+you should see a bare-bones Pleroma instance.
+
+### Creating an Admin User
+
+You\'ll be able to create new accounts on the Pleroma instance in the
+login section on the website but the easiest way to setup an admin
+account is with the CLI. Simply run the below command replaced with your
+username:
+
+```sh
+su -l pleroma
+./bin/pleroma_ctl user new username username@example.org --admin
+```
+
+If you run into any issues then [feel free to checkout the
+documentation](https://docs-develop.pleroma.social/backend/installation/otp_en/)
+or send me an email or message. My details are below.
+
+-   [biasedriot.co](https://biasedriot.co)
+-   [youtube](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCehh50T6qtDpt_kEUF33GJw)
+-   Bitcoin: `1Dmn9jEtWAhdLk1HHWkUVNeDdAaBCwNajm`{.crypto}
+-   Monero:
+    `84Y4FZiTbLeR5qc1fBrBhB1yq5agKtEdoixq2w1ysXJv486MiBCz3czGT15bqeXDPpdLoNyF93inxY3BCk6g8mrDMNKoArS`