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+---
+title: "PeerTube"
+date: 2021-07-31
+icon: "peertube.svg"
+tags: ["service", "activity-pub"]
+short_desc: "Your own self-hosted video-site also compatible with Activity Pub."
+---
+
+PeerTube is a self-hosted and (optionally) federated video sharing
+platform that saves bandwith on videos the more people watch. PeerTube
+instances can follow each other to share videos and grow the federated
+network, but you can always keep your instance to yourself if you choose
+to.
+
+## Note on Bandwidth
+
+Video sharing is the most bandwidth intensive thing on the internet! If
+you plan on just having a small personal site with a few viewers and
+friends, that won\'t be a big concern, but most VPS providers like Vultr
+have caps on how much bandwidth can be used within a month without being
+throttled. This level is far beyond what most sites need, but it might
+be an issue with a video site!
+
+So if you plan on having a big video-sharing PeerTube site, it\'s a good
+idea to host it with a provider that offers infinite bandwidth. I
+strongly recommend getting a separate VPS with
+[Frantech/BuyVM](https://my.frantech.ca/aff.php?aff=3886). They have
+unmetered bandwidth, extremely cheap block storage for hosting many,
+many videos and they even have a good record of being censorship
+resistant.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+**Most** of PeerTube\'s dependencies can be installed with this command:
+
+```sh
+apt update
+apt install -y curl sudo unzip vim ffmpeg postgresql postgresql-contrib g++ make redis-server git cron wget certbot nginx ffmpeg postgresql postgresql-contrib openssl g++ make redis-server git cron wget
+apt install python3-dev python3-pip python-is-python3
+python --version # Should be >= 3.8
+ffmpeg -version # Should be >= 4.1
+g++ -v # Should be >= 5.x
+redis-server --version # Should be >= 6.x
+```
+
+It\'s also important to start all associated daemons:
+
+```sh
+systemctl start postgresql redis
+```
+
+PeerTube also requires **NodeJS 14** and **yarn** which cannot be
+installed from the Debian repositories. This means they have to be
+installed from separate, external repos:
+
+```sh
+curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_22.x -o nodesource_setup.sh
+bash nodesource_setup.sh
+apt install -y nodejs
+node -v # Should be 20.x or 22.x
+```
+
+Now we create a PeerTube user to run and handle PeerTube with the proper
+permissions:
+
+```sh
+useradd -m -d /var/www/peertube -s /bin/bash -p peertube peertube
+passwd peertube
+ls -ld /var/www/peertube # Should be drwxr-xr-x
+```
+
+## Database
+
+PeerTube requires a PostgreSQL database to function. To create it, first
+make a new Postgres user named PeerTube:
+
+```bash
+su -l postgres
+createuser -P peertube
+createdb -O peertube -E UTF8 -T template0 peertube_prod
+psql -c "CREATE EXTENSION pg_trgm;" peertube_prod
+psql -c "CREATE EXTENSION unaccent;" peertube_prod
+exit
+```
+
+Be sure to **make note of your Postgres user password,** as it will be
+needed later when setting up PeerTube.
+
+## Installation
+
+Using `su -l`, we will become the PeerTube user to create the required
+directories and download and install PeerTube itself with the proper
+permissions. First, we create the required directories.
+
+```sh
+su -l peertube
+mkdir config storage versions
+chmod 750 config/
+```
+
+### Downloading PeerTube
+
+Still as the PeerTube user, we can now check for the most recent
+PeerTube versions number, download and install it in the newly created
+`versiond` directory.
+
+```bash
+VERSION=$(curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/chocobozzz/peertube/releases/latest | grep tag_name | cut -d '"' -f 4) && echo "Latest Peertube version is $VERSION"
+cd /var/www/peertube/versions
+wget -q "https://github.com/Chocobozzz/PeerTube/releases/download/${VERSION}/peertube-${VERSION}.zip"
+unzip -q peertube-${VERSION}.zip && rm peertube-${VERSION}.zip
+```
+
+### Installation via Yarn
+
+The downloaded release can then be symbolically linked to
+`/var/www/peertube/peertube-latest` and **yarn** is used to install
+PeerTube:
+
+```sh
+cd /var/www/peertube
+ln -s versions/peertube-${VERSION} ./peertube-latest
+cd ./peertube-latest
+yarn install --production --pure-lockfile
+```
+
+## Configuration
+
+PeerTube's default config file can be copied over to
+`/var/www/peertube/config/production.yaml` so it can actually be used:
+
+Note that we are still running these as the PeerTube user (having run
+`su -l peertube`).
+
+```sh
+cd /var/www/peertube
+cp peertube-latest/config/default.yaml config/default.yaml
+cp peertube-latest/config/production.yaml.example config/production.yaml
+```
+
+Now the `production.yaml` file must be edited in the following ways:
+
+First, generate a secret key by `openssl rand -hex 32`:
+
+```yaml
+secrets:
+  # Generate one using `openssl rand -hex 32`
+  peertube: "5e55258877f5d259cb1b5e5562dcb0eded3a2c3373d9fafac65ed765fbb1936c"
+```
+
+Add the hostname:
+
+```yaml
+webserver:
+  https: true
+  hostname: "peertube.thesiah.xyz"
+  port: 443
+```
+
+Then, the database:
+
+```yaml
+database:
+  hostname: "localhost"
+  port: 5432
+  ssl: false
+  suffix: "_prod"
+  username: "peertube"
+  password: "your_database_password"
+  pool:
+    max: 5
+```
+
+An email to generate the admin user:
+
+```yaml
+admin:
+  # Used to generate the root user at first startup
+  # And to receive emails from the contact form
+  email: "peertube@thesiah.xyz"
+```
+
+And **optionally,** email server information:
+
+```yaml
+smtp:
+  # smtp or sendmail
+  transport: smtp
+  # Path to sendmail command. Required if you use sendmail transport
+  sendmail: null
+  hostname: mail.example.org
+  port: 465 # If you use StartTLS: 587
+  username: your_email_username
+  password: your_email_password
+  tls: true # If you use StartTLS: false
+  disable_starttls: false
+  ca_file: null # Used for self signed certificates
+  from_address: "admin@example.org"
+```
+
+At this point, we have done all we need to do as the PeerTube user. Run
+`exit` or press <kbd>Ctrl-d</kbd> to log out and return to the root prompt where
+we will configure Nginx and other system settings.
+
+```sh
+exit
+```
+
+## Nginx
+
+PeerTube includes an Nginx configuration that can be copied over to
+`/etc/nginx/sites-available:`
+
+```sh
+cp /var/www/peertube/peertube-latest/support/nginx/peertube /etc/nginx/sites-available/peertube
+```
+
+Because the PeerTube config is so long, it\'s recommended to use `sed`
+to modify the contents of the file, replacing `${WEBSERVER_HOST}` with
+your hostname, and `$(PEERTUBE_HOST)` with your localhost and port,
+which by default should be `127.0.0.1:9000`:
+
+```sh
+sed -i 's/${WEBSERVER_HOST}/videos.thesiah.xyz/g' /etc/nginx/sites-available/peertube
+sed -i 's/${PEERTUBE_HOST}/127.0.0.1:9000/g' /etc/nginx/sites-available/peertube
+```
+
+Once you\'re happy with the Nginx config file, link it to
+`sites-enabled` to activate it:
+
+```sh
+ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/peertube /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/peertube
+```
+
+## Certbot
+
+First, we will want a Certbot SSL certificate to encrypt connections to
+our PeerTube instance. Just run the following:
+
+```sh
+systemctl stop nginx
+certbot certonly --standalone -d videos.thesiah.xyz
+systemctl restart nginx
+```
+
+## Running PeerTube
+
+A config file for a systemd daemon is included in PeerTube and can be
+setup and started like so:
+
+```sh
+cp /var/www/peertube/peertube-latest/support/systemd/peertube.service /etc/systemd/system/
+systemctl daemon-reload
+systemctl enable --now peertube
+systemctl start peertube
+journalctl -feu peertube
+```
+
+PeerTube will take a minute or so to start, but after it does, you can check
+its status with `systemctl status peertube` and at this point, your
+PeerTube site should be live!
+
+## Using PeerTube
+
+To get the automatically generated admin password, run:
+
+```sh
+cat /var/www/peertube/storage/logs/peertube.log | grep password
+```
+
+To set a password for your admin user, run:
+
+```sh
+cd /var/www/peertube/peertube-latest
+NODE_CONFIG_DIR=/var/www/peertube/config NODE_ENV=production npm run reset-password -- -u root
+```
+
+Login to your PeerTube instance using the admin email specified in your
+`production.yaml` file and the admin password you just set.
+
+{{< img alt="PeerTube login" src="/pix/peertube-login.jpg" >}}
+
+Once logged in, it\'s recommended to create a separate user without
+admin privileges for uploading videos to PeerTube. This can be done
+easily from the users tab in the administration section.
+
+Enjoy your PeerTube instance!
+
+---
+
+## Updating PeerTube
+
+PeerTube is constantly adding new features, so it\'s a good idea to
+[check for new
+updates](https://github.com/Chocobozzz/PeerTube/blob/develop/CHANGELOG.md)
+and add them if you wish. Just in the past year, they have added
+livestreaming and more.
+
+### PeerTube instance
+
+Updating is fairly easy now since an `upgrade.sh` script has been added.
+Just run:
+
+```sh
+cd /var/www/peertube/peertube-latest/scripts && sudo -H -u peertube ./upgrade.sh
+sudo systemctl restart peertube # Or use your OS command to restart PeerTube if you don't use systemd
+```
+
+### Update PeerTube configuration
+
+Check for configuration changes, and report them in your `config/production.yaml` file:
+
+```sh
+cd /var/www/peertube/versions
+diff -u "$(ls -t | head -2 | tail -1)/config/production.yaml.example" "$(ls -t | head -1)/config/production.yaml.example"
+```
+
+### Update nginx configuration
+
+Check changes in nginx configuration:
+
+```sh
+cd /var/www/peertube/versions
+diff -u "$(ls -t | head -2 | tail -1)/support/nginx/peertube" "$(ls -t | head -1)/support/nginx/peertube"
+```
+
+### Update systemd service
+
+Check changes in systemd configuration:
+
+```sh
+cd /var/www/peertube/versions
+diff -u "$(ls -t | head -2 | tail -1)/support/systemd/peertube.service" "$(ls -t | head -1)/support/systemd/peertube.service"
+```
+
+### Restart PeerTube
+
+If you changed your nginx configuration:
+
+```sh
+sudo systemctl reload nginx
+```
+
+If you changed your systemd configuration:
+
+```sh
+sudo systemctl daemon-reload
+```
+
+Restart PeerTube and check the logs:
+
+```sh
+sudo systemctl restart peertube
+sudo journalctl -fu peertube
+```
+
+Although check the
+[changelog](https://github.com/Chocobozzz/PeerTube/blob/develop/CHANGELOG.md)
+to see if there are additional manual requirements for particular
+updates.
+
+## Things went wrong?
+
+Change peertube-latest destination to the previous version and restore your SQL backup:
+
+```sh
+OLD_VERSION="v0.42.42" && SQL_BACKUP_PATH="backup/sql-peertube_prod-2018-01-19T10:18+01:00.bak" && \
+  cd /var/www/peertube && sudo -u peertube unlink ./peertube-latest && \
+  sudo -u peertube ln -s "versions/peertube-$OLD_VERSION" peertube-latest && \
+  sudo -u postgres pg_restore -c -C -d postgres "$SQL_BACKUP_PATH" && \
+  sudo systemctl restart peertube
+```
+
+## Remote PeerTube CLI
+
+`peertube-cli` is a tool that communicates with a PeerTube instance
+using its REST API. It can be launched from a remote server/computer
+to easily upload videos, manage plugins, redundancies etc.
+
+### Installation
+
+Ensure you have node installed on your system:
+
+```sh
+node --version # Should be >= 16.x
+```
+
+Then install the CLI:
+
+```sh
+sudo npm install -g @peertube/peertube-cli
+```
+
+### CLI wrapper
+
+The wrapper provides a convenient interface to the following sub-commands.
+
+The wrapper can keep track of instances you have an account on. We limit
+to one account per instance for now.
+
+```sh
+peertube-cli auth add -u 'PEERTUBE_URL' -U 'PEERTUBE_USER' --password 'PEERTUBE_PASSWORD'
+peertube-cli auth list
+┌──────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┐
+│ instance                     │ login                        │
+├──────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┤
+│ 'PEERTUBE_URL'               │ 'PEERTUBE_USER'              │
+└──────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### peertube-cli upload
+
+You can use this script to upload videos directly from the CLI.
+
+Videos will be publicly available after transcoding
+(you can see them before that in your account on the web interface).
+
+```sh
+cd ${CLONE}
+peertube-cli upload --help
+peertube-cli upload "videoFile"
+peertube-cli plugins list
+```
+
+peertube-cli plugins
+
+Install/update/uninstall or list local or NPM PeerTube plugins:
+
+```sh
+cd ${CLONE}
+peertube-cli plugins --help
+peertube-cli plugins list --help
+peertube-cli plugins install --help
+peertube-cli plugins update --help
+peertube-cli plugins uninstall --help
+
+peertube-cli plugins install --path /my/plugin/path
+peertube-cli plugins install --npm-name peertube-theme-example
+```
+
+### peertube-cli redundancy
+
+Manage (list/add/remove) video redundancies:
+
+To list your videos that are duplicated by remote instances:
+
+```sh
+peertube-cli redundancy list-remote-redundancies
+```
+
+To list remote videos that your instance duplicated:
+
+```sh
+peertube-cli redundancy list-my-redundancies
+```
+
+To duplicate a specific video in your redundancy system:
+
+```sh
+peertube-cli redundancy add --video 823
+```
+
+To remove a video redundancy:
+
+```sh
+peertube-cli redundancy remove --video 823
+```
+
+---
+
+_Written by [TheSiahxyz.](https://thesiah.xyz) Donate Monero
+[here](https://thesiah.xyz/donate.html)
+[\[QR\]](https://thesiah.xyz/images/monero.jpg)_